Rectifier bridge type wattmeter



13% 1949 J. N. DE. GRUCHY RECTIFIER BRIDGE TYPE WATTMETER Filed Sept. 9, 1948 INVE NTOR 5) Md A TFORN EY5 Patented Dec. 27, 1949 a John -N0rman de -,Gruchy, Rjokmansworth;;:Enp

1 land, assignor; to Everett, glidgcumbeaandi Goml. parry; Limited, London, England, .a British ompany :Applicatiim September 9, 1948;Seiial No. 48,-358 In Great; Britain August '1'; 19437 ""5'Claims. (Cl. NI -95) This-inventiomrelates to electrical measuring Rh 323 113, R4 and rectifiers RSsand RIIL; :This instruments {or 1. example 'wattmeters or. VAR bridge circuit can be taken asytwoxseparate-cirmeterssand-lhas for an object-the provision of a cults in which-half of resistor R6 in eachcirrobustflmeasur ng apparatus comprising a -percult and a resistor R8 is common to bothcirinanent magnet moving coil-instrument with 5 cults. -,-Resist or R8-is\connectedecrosssthe"ter wnioht p w r tak n W y appara s oflow mine-ls of the secondaryswinding of at current consumption may be-ameasured without appretransformer 1;: the primary'of which is connected ciable m rreotion having to be made for thepower to ,anlAnCl. source: ofssupply.

consumed in? the measuring deviceitself. -il heioperationtoithevcircuit-is=asfollows-z with .i- IFheuse tinStrumentS of the-dynamometer or 10 nocurrent flowing in the primary ofathewuninduetion y f r i mm m rent transformer vlithene :will be no potential oil-power 1S well-known, but such-instruments det eloped across R8 from this source.

are liable toconsume an excessive amount of -,=iNow-l-in,eachihaltcyclezof theapplledsE. M. F. powenm-rflessihenontrol is made so weak as t one half.oithehridgenetwork Vwillpass current renderethe -instruments uns itable ior u m so, that-la potentiallis set u across R3 onlRl. workshop or en; a n r teSt m The-direction ofcurrentfiowis controlled by the ,Hitherto ltahas been Pr po arrange in rectifiers R9 and Rlflqand is suchthat the; pulses conju c i n wi h p m n m n 'in ruappearing: across 33- and R4 inv successive half menta network of 'rectifiers andresistance such cycles: are-equal. and opposite.

as ate enable a reading -to be obtained which is The permanent magnet movingicoil; indicator proportional tome-product ot the current in a M servesitofintegrate these pulses andunder the circuit and the cosine ofthephaseangle between nditi t. t, above, t t. integrated: output that current and the voltage producing it i l gb c p (I- 00 it S an arrangement;hfiwevelrcan- J'ZW-hen current -flOWs in the-primary of the curnot bee-applied tO t B measmment of? P we rent transformer-".1; a voltage appears acrossRB, (E11 cos )-=sincethe-reading would be incorrect which aslsiststvam: oneconduqtingwhalfzcyclezvand unless" the circuit: voltage: correspon 1101111813 opposes "in the succeedingahalf cycle. at. whichthe instrument was calibrated. Aspahresult l potential. acrosstone the It isrtherefor ,-;a p ln ie oi he-presen outputnresistors s and Rt will -increase,fwhilst inventiontoprovide a simple measuring-in r thepotential acres-s theother-will-decrease and menty. particular adap d for r the asur m nt this differencepotential will be. indicated by the of- W I consisting a balanced rectipermanent magnet moyingzcoll' indicator M. fier Wheat bridge C/iICHitI-WhOSQ-YOHtPI-lt i5 Itisra -feature ofthis circuit that the-output p flpor l toihvproductofe ur o be of the permanent magnet movingcoil indicator measurediand its-phase a gle relative to h r M isrproportionallto;the voltager appearing across voltagetohe measuredgameter connectedto: the a na tothe phase angle mt; that voltage arelabridge: output; and a variable -.resistance shunting tiv to-. the phasegangle or the appliedzl'i. M. F. said meten'which resist n e i m n l y --\Whens certain conditionsare.v rulrllled it is maticall-yrvari Proportion tolme'voltnge largely independent of {variations of E. M. F.

variations-1'50 tha h m l also Pm? 40 The D.- Cit-output; therefore =.in-the--1cases quoted 1101431011311 f will ebe proportional to;I cos i= Variable relstame may be adlUStFd :Ifinow a: variable resistance R1 is-shunte'd m u to hne' volts marked across the permanent magnet moving coil indiattached toethe setting wkIlOb or nlembe 1 ft it caww game-mono? thihdicatorcan bevvarid may be arranged so as to be .con rolled an 0g 4:} byAaIterm-gvrthevmue 6f 'R1,wmch.may.cany a matwany by magma vqlt'age by ma'kmg the rescale oFVdltage "at-which the-"indicator gives a sistanceithermally"variable or;nen-linear.

The accompanying drawings diagrammatically W F m i a I illustrate three e g a Dita-Trying this inven- "In the-alternative form of the invention shown in Fig. 2, R1 is shown as a fixed resistance of a tion into effect. Referring first to Fig. 1, M repre ents high temperature co-efficient material which is ing coil permanent magnet instrument connected in thermal relation with a heater H which is suprk consisting of resistors RI, plied via a suitable resistance 1: from the voltage R2, R5 and R6. The instrument is also conterminals. nected to a bridge circuit consisting of resistors Variations of the voltage will cause changes of heater current, and therefore of temperature and hence resistance R1.

A further method of attaining our object is shown at Fig. 3 where the resistors RI and R2 having a characteristic which 

